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<codeBook version="1.2.2" ID="INDEPTH.GH001.Transitions.v1" xml-lang="en" xmlns="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI/Version1-2-2.xsd">
  <docDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>
          The evolving demographic and health transition in four low- and middle-income countries
        </titl>
        <IDNo>
          DDI.INDEPTH.GH001.Transitions.v2
        </IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <producer abbr="iS2TT" affiliation="INDEPTH Network" role="Documentation of the study">
          iSHARE2 Technical Team
        </producer>
        <producer abbr="int.indepth" affiliation="INDEPTH Network" role="agency">
          INDEPTH Network
        </producer>
        <producer abbr="KHe" affiliation="INDEPTH Network" role="Documentation author">
          Kobus Herbst
        </producer>
        <software version="4.0.9" date="2013-04-23">
          Nesstar Publisher
        </software>
      </prodStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version>
          V2.0
        </version>
        <notes>
          <![CDATA[V1 Original version
V1.1 Updated file description
V2.0 Updated data file layout]]>
        </notes>
      </verStmt>
    </citation>
  </docDscr>
  <stdyDscr>
    <citation>
      <titlStmt>
        <titl>
          The evolving demographic and health transition in four low- and middle-income countries
        </titl>
        <IDNo>
          INDEPTH.GH001.Transitions.v1
        </IDNo>
      </titlStmt>
      <rspStmt>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="School of Demography, The Australian National University">
          Brian Houle
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana">
          Ayaga Bawah
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Department of Sociology, University of Washington, USA">
          Samuel Clark
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="INDEPTH Network, Ghana">
          Osman Sankoh
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh">
          Nurul Alam, Abdur Razzaque, Peter Kim Streatfield
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana">
          Cornelius Debpuur, Paul Welaga, Abraham Oduro, Abraham Hodgson
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Agincourt Health and Population Unit, South Africa">
          Stephen Tollman, Mark Collinson, Kathleen Kahn
        </AuthEnty>
        <AuthEnty affiliation="Filabavi Health and Demographic Surveillance Site, Vietnam">
          Tran Khan Toan, Ho Dang Phuc, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc
        </AuthEnty>
        <othId role="Data Anonymisation" affiliation="INDEPTH Network">
          <p>
            Kobus Herbst
          </p>
        </othId>
        <othId role="Dataset Publication" affiliation="INDEPTH Network">
          <p>
            Tathagata Bhattacharjee
          </p>
        </othId>
      </rspStmt>
      <prodStmt>
        <copyright>
          This dataset documentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. The dataset is shared in terms of the data-use agreement accepted at the time of data download.
        </copyright>
        <software version="4.0.9" date="2013-04-23">
          Nesstar Publisher
        </software>
      </prodStmt>
      <distStmt>
        <contact affiliation="School of Demography, The Australian National University" email="brian.houle@anu.edu.au">
          Brian Houle
        </contact>
      </distStmt>
      <serStmt>
        <serName>
          Demographic Surveillance
        </serName>
      </serStmt>
      <verStmt>
        <version>
          V2
        </version>
        <notes>
          <![CDATA[V1 Original published version
V2 Published version]]>
        </notes>
      </verStmt>
    </citation>
    <stdyInfo>
      <subject>
        <topcClas vocab="MeSH" vocabURI="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh">
          Mortality [N01.224.935.698]
        </topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="MeSH" vocabURI="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh">
          Cause of Death [N01.224.935.698.100]
        </topcClas>
        <topcClas vocab="MeSH" vocabURI="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh">
          Life Expectancy [N01.224.935.464]
        </topcClas>
      </subject>
      <abstract>
        This study contributes evidence documenting the continued decline in all-cause mortality and changes in the cause of death distribution over time in four developing country populations in Africa and Asia. We present levels and trends in age-specific mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) from four demographic surveillance sites: Agincourt (South Africa), Navrongo (Ghana) in Africa; Filabavi (Vietnam), Matlab (Bangladesh) in Asia. We model mortality using discrete time event history analysis. This study illustrates how data from INDEPTH Network centers can provide a comparative, longitudinal examination of mortality patterns and the epidemiological transition. Health care systems need to be reconfigured to deal simultaneously with continuing challenges of communicable disease and increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases that require long-term care. In populations with endemic HIV, long-term care of HIV patients on ART will add to the chronic care needs of the community.
      </abstract>
      <sumDscr>
        <timePrd date="1987-01-01" event="start" cycle="Matlab, Bangladesh"/>
        <timePrd date="2006-12-31" event="end" cycle="Matlab, Bangladesh"/>
        <timePrd date="1994-01-01" event="start" cycle="Agincourt, South Africa"/>
        <timePrd date="2004-12-31" event="end" cycle="Agincourt, South Africa"/>
        <timePrd date="1995-01-01" event="start" cycle="Navrongo, Ghana"/>
        <timePrd date="2007-12-31" event="end" cycle="Navrongo, Ghana"/>
        <timePrd date="1999-01-01" event="start" cycle="Filabavi, Vietnam"/>
        <timePrd date="2007-12-31" event="end" cycle="Filabavi, Vietnam"/>
        <collDate date="1987-01-01" event="start"/>
        <collDate date="2009-12-31" event="end"/>
        <nation abbr="BA">
          Bangladesh
        </nation>
        <nation abbr="GH">
          Ghana
        </nation>
        <nation abbr="ZA">
          South Africa
        </nation>
        <nation abbr="VN">
          Vietnam
        </nation>
        <geogCover>
          Demographic surveillance area : Matlab, Bangladesh
        </geogCover>
        <geogCover>
          Demographic surveillance area : Navrongo, Ghana
        </geogCover>
        <geogCover>
          Demographic surveillance area : Agincourt, South Africa
        </geogCover>
        <geogCover>
          Demographic surveillance area : Filabavi, Vietnam
        </geogCover>
        <anlyUnit>
          Individual
        </anlyUnit>
        <universe>
          All resident individuals in the demographic surveillance area
        </universe>
        <dataKind>
          Event history data
        </dataKind>
      </sumDscr>
      <notes>
        Individual exposure and cause of death
      </notes>
    </stdyInfo>
    <method>
      <dataColl>
        <frequenc>
          <![CDATA[Matlab, Bangladesh: Fieldworkers visit each household every two months to update vital events
Agincourt, South Africa: Fieldworkers visit each household yearly to update vital events
Navrongo, Ghana: Fieldworkers visit each household quarterly to update vital events
Filabavi, Vietnam: Follow-up household surveys occur every three months to update vital events]]>
        </frequenc>
        <collMode>
          Face-to-face [f2f]
        </collMode>
        <sources/>
        <collSitu>
          <![CDATA[The Matlab HDSS site is situated in Matlab Upazila (sub-district) under Chandpur District in Bangladesh, about 55 km southeast of the capital, Dhaka. Established in 1966, fieldworkers visit each household every two months to update vital events. The current total population is about 225,000 people in 142 villages. Cause of death information is not available as recently as general mortality indicators for the other three HDSSs due to delays in physician review of the verbal autopsy interviews. For Matlab, data are available for all-cause and cause-specific mortality from 1987-2006. 

The Agincourt HDSS is located in the Agincourt area of the Bushbuckridge Local Municipality, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Established in 1992, fieldworkers visit each household yearly to update vital events - with a current total population of 87,040 people living in 14,382 households and 26 villages. For Agincourt, data are available for all-cause mortality from 1994-2009, and for cause-specific mortality from 1994-2004. 

The Navrongo HDSS covers the entire Kassena-Nankana and Kassena-Nankana West districts (formerly one district) of the Upper East region of Ghana. Since 1993 fieldworkers visit each household quarterly to update vital events - with a current total population of 152,000; over a third of which is below fifteen years of age. For Navrongo, data are available for all-cause mortality from 1995-2007, and for cause-specific mortality from 1995-2004. 

The Filabavi HDSS is situated in Bavi district, a rural district of Hanoi Province in northern Viet Nam. Established in 1999, follow-up household surveys occur every three months to update vital events - the current total population is 52,000 in 11,089 households. For Filabavi, data are available for all-cause mortality from 1999-2007, and for cause-specific mortality from 2004-2007.]]>
        </collSitu>
        <cleanOps>
          <![CDATA[Causes of death from the verbal autopsies for each site (using ICD-10 codes) are categorised into the following groups based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (16), with exceptions for important causes of death for two sites, which we include as a separate group:

· Matlab and Filabavi: Communicable diseases (including diarrhea, malaria, malnutrition, maternal, other infectious diseases, perinatal, respiratory, and HIV); non-communicable diseases (including cancer, cardiovascular, congenital, diabetes, epilepsy, female genital cancer, kidney, liver, and upper GI bleeds); and injuries (including accidental injuries, assault, other external causes, suicide, and transport-related).

· Agincourt: HIV/TB; other communicable diseases excluding HIV/TB (see above); non-communicable diseases (see above); and injuries (see above).

· Navrongo: Malaria; other communicable diseases excluding Malaria (see above); non-communicable diseases (see above); and injuries (see above).]]>
        </cleanOps>
      </dataColl>
    </method>
    <dataAccs>
      <setAvail>
        <origArch>
          INDEPTH Network (GH001)
        </origArch>
      </setAvail>
      <useStmt>
        <citReq>
          <![CDATA[Any use of this dataset must cite the digital object identifier (doi) associated with this dataset. Using the following form: 

"The evolving demographic and health transition in four low- and middle-income countries. Provided by the INDEPTH Network Data Repository. www.indepth-network.org <http://www.indepth-network.org>. doi:10.1234/INDEPTH.GH001.Transitions.v1"]]>
        </citReq>
        <disclaimer>
          The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, INDEPTH, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for the data's use or interpretation or inferences based upon it.
        </disclaimer>
      </useStmt>
    </dataAccs>
  </stdyDscr>
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    <fileTxt>
      <fileName>
        Transitions_V4.NSDstat
      </fileName>
      <fileCont>
        This dataset has been built using data from 4 demographic surveillance sites: Matlab, Agincourt, Navrongo, and Filabavi. Data available include sex, age, time, survival status and cause of death for those who died for each individual observed. Cause of death information comes from physician coded verbal autopsy interviews and is collapsed into 3-4 categories that vary by site (excluding indeterminate causes). The data include one observation for each observed person-year lived by an individual, defining time-varying covariates at the beginning of the person-year. The time periods available vary by site.
      </fileCont>
      <dimensns>
        <caseQnty>
          7192226
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        <varQnty>
          11
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      <fileType>
        Nesstar 200801
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      <verStmt>
        <version>
          V2
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    <notes>
      <![CDATA[MD5 Has of zip archive: 259a08c8297dd3cd349340c847903054
MD5 Hash of csv file : acd38265dad4fdaeb8de37b6a854ed8e
MD5 hash of Stata file : 3b3bdaaab0d055e7de76a69d836d6a42]]>
    </notes>
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  <dataDscr>
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        Sequential record nr
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      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
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      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        Anonymised individual identifier
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        796633
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      <sumStat type="stdev">
        229925.288
      </sumStat>
      <txt>
        Anonymised individual identifier
      </txt>
      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V2" name="site" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="discrete">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        DSS site indicator
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      <valrng>
        <range min="0" max="3"/>
      </valrng>
      <sumStat type="vald">
        7192226
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="invd">
        0
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      <txt>
        INDEPTH HDSS Centre contibuting the data
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        <catValu>
          0
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Matlab
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        <catStat type="freq">
          4120472
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      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          1
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Agincourt
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        <catStat type="freq">
          1045993
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      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
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          Navrongo
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
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          Filabavi
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
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    <var ID="V3" name="male" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="discrete">
      <location width="12"/>
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        Sex indicator
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      <sumStat type="vald">
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      <sumStat type="invd">
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      <txt>
        Is this individual male
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          0
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          No
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          1
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V4" name="dies" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="discrete">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        indicator if dies in that person-year
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      <valrng>
        <range min="0" max="1"/>
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      <sumStat type="vald">
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        <catValu>
          0
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        <labl>
          No
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          1
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        <labl>
          Yes
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
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      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V5" name="age" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="contin">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        age in years
      </labl>
      <valrng>
        <range min="0" max="1051"/>
      </valrng>
      <sumStat type="vald">
        7192226
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="invd">
        0
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      <sumStat type="min">
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      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="mean">
        25.764
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="stdev">
        20.178
      </sumStat>
      <txt>
        Age in years at the start of the person year of observation
      </txt>
      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V6" name="year" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="contin">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        Year indicator
      </labl>
      <valrng>
        <range min="1987" max="2009"/>
      </valrng>
      <sumStat type="vald">
        7192226
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="invd">
        0
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="min">
        1987
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="max">
        2009
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="mean">
        1998.762
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="stdev">
        5.597
      </sumStat>
      <txt>
        Year of observation
      </txt>
      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V7" name="age10" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="discrete">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        age in 10yr groups, 0-4 5-9 10+
      </labl>
      <valrng>
        <range min="0" max="80"/>
      </valrng>
      <sumStat type="vald">
        7192226
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="invd">
        0
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="min">
        0
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="max">
        80
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="mean">
        22.102
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="stdev">
        19.442
      </sumStat>
      <txt>
        Age in 10 year age groups, except for those under 10 where the age groups are in five year intervals
      </txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          0
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          0-4yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          5
        </catValu>
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          4-9yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          911661
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      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          10
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          10-19yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          1666593
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          20
        </catValu>
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          20-29yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          30
        </catValu>
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          30-39yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          858797
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      </catgry>
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        <catValu>
          40
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          40-49yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
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          50-59yrs
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          60
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        <labl>
          60-69yrs
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        <catStat type="freq">
          352765
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        <labl>
          70-79yrs
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          172907
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        <catValu>
          80
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        <labl>
          80+yrs
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        <catStat type="freq">
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      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        age in 5yr groups, 0-4 5-9 10-14
      </labl>
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      <sumStat type="vald">
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        0
      </sumStat>
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      </sumStat>
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      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="stdev">
        20.136
      </sumStat>
      <txt>
        Age group in five year intervals, all those older than 85 are included in the 85yr category
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      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          0
        </catValu>
        <catStat type="freq">
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        <catValu>
          75
        </catValu>
        <catStat type="freq">
          66749
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          80
        </catValu>
        <catStat type="freq">
          33598
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          85
        </catValu>
        <catStat type="freq">
          21860
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V9" name="yr5" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="discrete">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        5-year calendar periods
      </labl>
      <valrng>
        <range min="1" max="5"/>
      </valrng>
      <sumStat type="vald">
        7192226
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="invd">
        0
      </sumStat>
      <txt>
        5 year calendar periods starting 1985 up to 2009
      </txt>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          1
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          1985-89
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          581400
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          2
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          1990-94
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          1065380
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          3
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          1995-99
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          2004816
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          4
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          2000-04
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          2252129
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          5
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          2005-09
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          1288501
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
    <var ID="V10" name="cod_group" files="F1" dcml="0" intrvl="discrete">
      <location width="12"/>
      <labl>
        Cause of death indicator, DSS-varying
      </labl>
      <valrng>
        <range min="0" max="5"/>
      </valrng>
      <sumStat type="vald">
        7168421
      </sumStat>
      <sumStat type="invd">
        23805
      </sumStat>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          0
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Survives
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          7120227
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          1
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Communicable
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          21020
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          2
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          HIV/TB
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          1544
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          3
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Malaria
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          4257
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          4
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Noncommunicable
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          17232
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry>
        <catValu>
          5
        </catValu>
        <labl>
          Injuries
        </labl>
        <catStat type="freq">
          4141
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <catgry missing="Y">
        <catValu>
          Sysmiss
        </catValu>
        <catStat type="freq">
          23805
        </catStat>
      </catgry>
      <varFormat type="numeric" schema="other"/>
    </var>
  </dataDscr>
</codeBook>
